Anatomy of a Human, William Cheselden. This illustration of the anatomy of a Human comes from William Cheselden, an English surgeon and teacher of anatomy and surgery in the 16 and 1700’s. His work was influential in establishing surgery as a legitimate scientific medical profession and continued to influence medicine practice in Japan and China well into the 19th century. Many of his anatomy illustrations come from his book, published in 1733: Osteographia or the Anatomy of Bones, By William Cheselden, Surgeon to her Majesty. This illustration, being one of them.